In celebration of our new exhibition, The Senses: Design Beyond Vision, this Object of the Day post explores the multisensory experience of an object in Cooper Hewitt’s permanent collection. Today’s blog post was written by Cynthia Trope and originally published on March 7, 2013.
If you grew up in America in the mid-1950s – 1980s, you no doubt encountered the model 500 telephone or one of its variants in almost every home or workplace you entered. The model 500 became the standard desk-style phone in the U.S., with over 93 million units produced for homes and offices between 1949 and the divestiture of AT&T (the Bell System) in 1984. I have distinct memories of my parents’ harvest gold model 500: the resistance of the rotary wheel against my finger as I dialed; the steady ticking of the wheel as it rotated back; the weight and “thunk” of the handset as I dropped it back into its cradle after a call; and the insistent mechanical “rrring” of an incoming call.
Industrial designer Henry Dreyfuss began as a consultant to Bell Telephone Laboratories (BTL) in 1930. Working with the company’s engineers, he sought simplicity and unity of form in their telephone equipment, resulting in the model 302, the first Dreyfuss design by BTL, in 1937. As demand for telephone service increased after World War II, BTL sought a new, sturdier design that would be easier to service (all telephones were leased at the time), and more comfortable for a growing range of customers.
The model 500 debuted in 1949. Dreyfuss’s care in designing a user-based object is evident in the changes he made: he modified the angular 302 body into a softer sculptural form in a lighter durable plastic. Unlike the 302’s numbers and letters directly under the finger holes, the model 500 had the numbers and letters in a ring outside the finger wheel for increased legibility and greater accuracy when dialing. The new handset, known as the model G, was flatter than its predecessor, making it more comfortable to hold and allowing it to be cradled against the user’s shoulder, freeing the hands.
In 1953, BTL and Dreyfuss updated the model 500, producing it in several colors and replacing the black metal finger wheel with a clear plastic version that would complement any color phone. The 1953 model also eliminated the long straight cord, replacing it with a coiled one, a feature used until the advent of the cordless phone. Deeming the model 500 a success by the mid-1950s, BTL added a wall-mounted variant, introduced a touch-tone version in 1963, with additional models introduced over the next two decades. Production of the traditional model 500 ceased in the mid-1980s, but some of these durable phones are still available and adaptable for use today.
The Senses: Design Beyond Vision is on view at Cooper Hewitt through October 28, 2018.
Cynthia Trope is Associate Curator of Product Design and Decorative Arts at Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum.
